Air Pollution and Pediatric Central Nervous Tumors: A Systematic Review of Evidence and Public Health Implications

Background: Exposure to environmental pollution, particularly air pollutants, and its relationship with childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors is a growing public health concern. Understanding these associations is crucial for the implementation of protective measures for children and the dev...

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Autores principales: Nantawan Koonalinthip, Rogerio Diniz Takahashi, Centro de Diagnósticos Brasil - Alliança Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil, Tatiana Soares, Jose Gabriel Lara-Amador, Ramiro Sienra, Centro de Oncologia e Doenças Autoimunes, São José dos Campos, Brazil, Pilar Buendía Montenegro, Maria Daniela Sarquis, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela, Elmustafa Abdalla, Enry Jacob Melgar-Garcia, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica, Ewerton Borges de Souza Lima, Mariana Alcântara Roldi de Azeredo, Yahaira Carpio Colmenares, Carlos Betancourt-Mendez, Christel Trifone, Eva Borges, Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal, Jessica Monteiro Vasconcellos, Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Brasilia, Brazil, Julia Bertuzzo Tavares, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, Vitória De Ávila, Laura C. Ibanez-Pintor, Mateus Cendon de Paula, Natalia Rojas-Amaris, Roger Albornoz, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Union, Lima, Perú, Tobias Lerchner, M Enrique Escobar, Universidad Francisco Marroquin, Jose Genao Ega, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Safa S. Almarzoky Abuhussain, Inia Pérez, Unidad de Infectología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile, Yusuf Adetomiwa Adelabu, Arthur Gomez da Silva Netto, Maria Carolina Fontana Antunes de Oliveira, Khalid Mahmoud Fadlelmoula Ahmed, Christianne Fernandes Valente Takeda, Gabriel Vallejos-Penaloza, Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, T. Gomez-Gomez, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Sundus Sardar, Thalita Bento Talizin, Guido Felizzia
Formato: Artículo de revisión
Lenguaje:inglés
Publicado: 2025
Materias:
air pollution
pediatric central nervous system tumors
childhood cancer
benzene
nitrogen dioxide
particulate matter PM2.5
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
environmental exposure
exposure assessment
public health policy
exposure windows
Air Quality and Health Impacts
Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
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Sumario:Background: Exposure to environmental pollution, particularly air pollutants, and its relationship with childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors is a growing public health concern. Understanding these associations is crucial for the implementation of protective measures for children and the development of strategic public policies. Objective: This systematic review examines the association between air pollution exposure and the risk of CNS tumors in the pediatric population aged 0-19 years. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we used PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL baselines up to May 2024. We included only observational studies focusing on children exposed to air pollutants, excluding tobacco-related exposures. Data on study design, population characteristics, exposure assessment, and types of CNS tumors were extracted and analyzed. Results: We included 25 studies (case-control and cohort) conducted across North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. The studies assessed pollutants such as benzene, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Some studies reported positive associations between specific pollutants and increased CNS tumor risk, while others found no significant links. Variability in exposure assessment methods contributed to inconsistent findings. Conclusion: The evidence linking air pollution to childhood CNS tumors remains inconclusive. Further research, with standardized exposure assessments and consideration of critical exposure windows, is needed to clarify these associations and inform public health policies to reduce environmental risks to children.

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