Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru
INTRODUCTION: Depression is prevalent among aging people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. We sought to identify depression risk factors among a group of middle-aged and older PLWH in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed risk factors for depression among PLWH over age 40 receiving care in...
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2024
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| author | Virgilio E. Failoc‐Rojas Dan Jia Marcela Gil-Zacarías Alana Latorre Robinson Cabello Patricia García Monica M. Diaz |
| author_browse | Alana Latorre Dan Jia Marcela Gil-Zacarías Monica M. Diaz Patricia García Robinson Cabello Virgilio E. Failoc‐Rojas |
| author_facet | Virgilio E. Failoc‐Rojas Dan Jia Marcela Gil-Zacarías Alana Latorre Robinson Cabello Patricia García Monica M. Diaz |
| author_sort | Virgilio E. Failoc‐Rojas |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | INTRODUCTION: Depression is prevalent among aging people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. We sought to identify depression risk factors among a group of middle-aged and older PLWH in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed risk factors for depression among PLWH over age 40 receiving care in an HIV clinic in Lima, Peru. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered. We performed descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 51.7 ± 7.7 years with 15.3% females. One-quarter of participants had depression with higher frequency in females. Risk factors that significantly increased the risk of depression included female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.19 [95%CI 1.07-4.49]), currently smoking (aPR = 2.25 [95%CI 1.15-4.43]), and prior opportunistic infection (aPR = 2.24 [95%CI 1.05-4.76]). DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates that PLWH who are female, current smokers, or had an opportunistic infection have higher risk of depression. Identifying PLWH at-risk for depression is key to early mental health interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/1179 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateRange | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
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| spelling | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/11792026-10-30T16:15:19ZRisk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, PeruVirgilio E. Failoc‐RojasDan JiaMarcela Gil-ZacaríasAlana LatorreRobinson CabelloPatricia GarcíaMonica M. DiazDepression (economics)MedicineLogistic regressionPsychological interventionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)DemographyQuarter (Canadian coin)GerontologyRisk factorDescriptive statisticsPsychiatryFamily medicineInternal medicineEconomicsMacroeconomicsHistoryMathematicsArchaeologySociologyStatisticsDepression (economics)MedicineLogistic regressionPsychological interventionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)DemographyQuarter (Canadian coin)GerontologyRisk factorDescriptive statisticsPsychiatryFamily medicineInternal medicineAdultAdultAdultAdultAdultAdultAdultAdultAgedAgedAgedAgedAgedAgedAgedAgedCross-Sectional StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesDepression epidemiologyDepression epidemiologyDepression epidemiologyDepression epidemiologyDepression epidemiologyDepression epidemiologyDepression epidemiologyDepression epidemiologyFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleHumansHumansHumansHumansHumansHumansHumansHumansMaleMaleMaleMaleMaleMaleMaleMaleMiddle AgedMiddle AgedMiddle AgedMiddle AgedMiddle AgedMiddle AgedMiddle AgedMiddle AgedPeru epidemiologyPeru epidemiologyPeru epidemiologyPeru epidemiologyPeru epidemiologyPeru epidemiologyPeru epidemiologyPeru epidemiologyRisk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk FactorsRisk FactorsSex FactorsSex FactorsSex FactorsSex FactorsSex FactorsSex FactorsSex FactorsSex FactorsSmoking epidemiologySmoking epidemiologySmoking epidemiologySmoking epidemiologySmoking epidemiologySmoking epidemiologySmoking epidemiologySmoking epidemiologyHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections complicationsHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections epidemiologyHIV Infections psychologyHIV Infections psychologyHIV Infections psychologyHIV Infections psychologyHIV Infections psychologyHIV Infections psychologyHIV Infections psychologyHIV Infections psychologyPrevalencePrevalencePrevalencePrevalencePrevalencePrevalencePrevalencePrevalenceLogistic ModelsLogistic ModelsLogistic ModelsLogistic ModelsLogistic ModelsLogistic ModelsLogistic ModelsLogistic ModelsHealth Sciences Medicine Infectious Diseases HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsSocial Sciences Psychology Clinical Psychology Family Caregiving in Mental IllnessHealth Sciences Medicine Emergency Medicine HIV-related health complications and treatmentsINTRODUCTION: Depression is prevalent among aging people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. We sought to identify depression risk factors among a group of middle-aged and older PLWH in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed risk factors for depression among PLWH over age 40 receiving care in an HIV clinic in Lima, Peru. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered. We performed descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 51.7 ± 7.7 years with 15.3% females. One-quarter of participants had depression with higher frequency in females. Risk factors that significantly increased the risk of depression included female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.19 [95%CI 1.07-4.49]), currently smoking (aPR = 2.25 [95%CI 1.15-4.43]), and prior opportunistic infection (aPR = 2.24 [95%CI 1.05-4.76]). DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates that PLWH who are female, current smokers, or had an opportunistic infection have higher risk of depression. Identifying PLWH at-risk for depression is key to early mental health interventions.Articlehttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39140382https://doi.org/10.1177/2325958224127345210.1177/23259582241273452https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/1179W4401582130enJournal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)2325-95742325-95822024-01-012026-06-13T09:49:05Z2026-06-13T09:49:05Z |
| spellingShingle | Depression (economics) Medicine Logistic regression Psychological intervention Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Demography Quarter (Canadian coin) Gerontology Risk factor Descriptive statistics Psychiatry Family medicine Internal medicine Economics Macroeconomics History Mathematics Archaeology Sociology Statistics Depression (economics) Medicine Logistic regression Psychological intervention Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Demography Quarter (Canadian coin) Gerontology Risk factor Descriptive statistics Psychiatry Family medicine Internal medicine Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Health Sciences Medicine Infectious Diseases HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions Social Sciences Psychology Clinical Psychology Family Caregiving in Mental Illness Health Sciences Medicine Emergency Medicine HIV-related health complications and treatments Virgilio E. Failoc‐Rojas Dan Jia Marcela Gil-Zacarías Alana Latorre Robinson Cabello Patricia García Monica M. Diaz Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru |
| title | Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru |
| title_full | Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru |
| title_short | Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru |
| title_sort | risk factors for depression among middle aged to older people living with hiv in lima peru |
| topic | Depression (economics) Medicine Logistic regression Psychological intervention Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Demography Quarter (Canadian coin) Gerontology Risk factor Descriptive statistics Psychiatry Family medicine Internal medicine Economics Macroeconomics History Mathematics Archaeology Sociology Statistics Depression (economics) Medicine Logistic regression Psychological intervention Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Demography Quarter (Canadian coin) Gerontology Risk factor Descriptive statistics Psychiatry Family medicine Internal medicine Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Health Sciences Medicine Infectious Diseases HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions Social Sciences Psychology Clinical Psychology Family Caregiving in Mental Illness Health Sciences Medicine Emergency Medicine HIV-related health complications and treatments |
| topic_facet | Depression (economics) Medicine Logistic regression Psychological intervention Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Demography Quarter (Canadian coin) Gerontology Risk factor Descriptive statistics Psychiatry Family medicine Internal medicine Economics Macroeconomics History Mathematics Archaeology Sociology Statistics Depression (economics) Medicine Logistic regression Psychological intervention Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Demography Quarter (Canadian coin) Gerontology Risk factor Descriptive statistics Psychiatry Family medicine Internal medicine Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Adult Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Depression epidemiology Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Humans Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Middle Aged Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Peru epidemiology Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Risk Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Sex Factors Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology Smoking epidemiology HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections complications HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology HIV Infections psychology Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Logistic Models Health Sciences Medicine Infectious Diseases HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions Social Sciences Psychology Clinical Psychology Family Caregiving in Mental Illness Health Sciences Medicine Emergency Medicine HIV-related health complications and treatments |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39140382 https://doi.org/10.1177/23259582241273452 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/1179 |
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