Risk Factors for Depression Among Middle-Aged to Older People Living With HIV in Lima, Peru

INTRODUCTION: Depression is prevalent among aging people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. We sought to identify depression risk factors among a group of middle-aged and older PLWH in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed risk factors for depression among PLWH over age 40 receiving care in...

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Autores principales: Virgilio E. Failoc‐Rojas, Dan Jia, Marcela Gil-Zacarías, Alana Latorre, Robinson Cabello, Patricia García, Monica M. Diaz
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:inglés
Publicado: 2024
Materias:
Depression (economics)
Medicine
Logistic regression
Psychological intervention
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Demography
Quarter (Canadian coin)
Gerontology
Risk factor
Descriptive statistics
Psychiatry
Family medicine
Internal medicine
Economics
Macroeconomics
History
Mathematics
Archaeology
Sociology
Statistics
Adult
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Depression epidemiology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Peru epidemiology
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
Smoking epidemiology
HIV Infections complications
HIV Infections epidemiology
HIV Infections psychology
Prevalence
Logistic Models
Health Sciences Medicine Infectious Diseases HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Social Sciences Psychology Clinical Psychology Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
Health Sciences Medicine Emergency Medicine HIV-related health complications and treatments
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Sumario:INTRODUCTION: Depression is prevalent among aging people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. We sought to identify depression risk factors among a group of middle-aged and older PLWH in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed risk factors for depression among PLWH over age 40 receiving care in an HIV clinic in Lima, Peru. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered. We performed descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 51.7 ± 7.7 years with 15.3% females. One-quarter of participants had depression with higher frequency in females. Risk factors that significantly increased the risk of depression included female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.19 [95%CI 1.07-4.49]), currently smoking (aPR = 2.25 [95%CI 1.15-4.43]), and prior opportunistic infection (aPR = 2.24 [95%CI 1.05-4.76]). DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates that PLWH who are female, current smokers, or had an opportunistic infection have higher risk of depression. Identifying PLWH at-risk for depression is key to early mental health interventions.

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