Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation model

Introduction The transition to university is a period of heightened psychological vulnerability. This study aimed to examine the association between adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in Peruvian first-year university students. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional st...

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Autores principales: Rosa Gebol-Checàn, Gianella Ascorbe-Peña, Royer Miguel-Mariño, Calixto Tapullima-Mori, Julio Cjuno, Jhordan Jhonny Mayta Llanos
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Publicado: 2026
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author Rosa Gebol-Checàn
Gianella Ascorbe-Peña
Royer Miguel-Mariño
Calixto Tapullima-Mori
Julio Cjuno
Jhordan Jhonny Mayta Llanos
author_browse Calixto Tapullima-Mori
Gianella Ascorbe-Peña
Jhordan Jhonny Mayta Llanos
Julio Cjuno
Rosa Gebol-Checàn
Royer Miguel-Mariño
author_facet Rosa Gebol-Checàn
Gianella Ascorbe-Peña
Royer Miguel-Mariño
Calixto Tapullima-Mori
Julio Cjuno
Jhordan Jhonny Mayta Llanos
author_sort Rosa Gebol-Checàn
collection Producción científica
description Introduction The transition to university is a period of heightened psychological vulnerability. This study aimed to examine the association between adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in Peruvian first-year university students. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 345 participants selected through non-probability convenience sampling at a single private university in the Peruvian Amazon. The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, the Brief Scale of Fear of Loneliness, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were administered, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The proposed model showed an adequate fit [ χ ² (516) = 1,478, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.940, RMSEA = 0.074, SRMR = 0.069]. Personal-emotional adjustment ( β = 0.49, p < 0.001) and social adjustment (β = 0.29, p = 0.003) were positively associated with fear of loneliness, whereas academic adjustment ( β = −0.34, p < 0.001) and institutional adjustment ( β = −0.22, p = 0.001) were negatively associated; in turn, fear of loneliness was positively related to depression (β = 0.81, p < 0.001). Significant gender differences were found in institutional adjustment [ t (343) = 2.597, p = 0.010, d = 0.29] and personal-emotional adjustment [ t (343) = 3.076, p = 0.002, d = 0.34], with women reporting higher levels than men. Discussion The findings position fear of loneliness as a key affective link between first-year students’ adjustment to university and their depressive symptoms, suggesting that early detection and intervention programs focused on adjustment, implemented during the first year, could help mitigate depression in this population.
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spelling openalex:W7221763088Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation modelRosa Gebol-ChecànGianella Ascorbe-PeñaRoyer Miguel-MariñoCalixto Tapullima-MoriJulio CjunoJhordan Jhonny Mayta Llanoscollege adjustmentfear of lonelinessdepressionfirst-year studentstransition to higher educationsocial adaptationacademic adjustmentinstitutional adaptationpersonal-emotional adjustmentgender differencesPeruvian Amazonprivate university studentsStudent Stress and CopingHigher Education Research StudiesHealth and Well-being StudiesIntroduction The transition to university is a period of heightened psychological vulnerability. This study aimed to examine the association between adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in Peruvian first-year university students. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 345 participants selected through non-probability convenience sampling at a single private university in the Peruvian Amazon. The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, the Brief Scale of Fear of Loneliness, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were administered, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The proposed model showed an adequate fit [ χ ² (516) = 1,478, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.940, RMSEA = 0.074, SRMR = 0.069]. Personal-emotional adjustment ( β = 0.49, p < 0.001) and social adjustment (β = 0.29, p = 0.003) were positively associated with fear of loneliness, whereas academic adjustment ( β = −0.34, p < 0.001) and institutional adjustment ( β = −0.22, p = 0.001) were negatively associated; in turn, fear of loneliness was positively related to depression (β = 0.81, p < 0.001). Significant gender differences were found in institutional adjustment [ t (343) = 2.597, p = 0.010, d = 0.29] and personal-emotional adjustment [ t (343) = 3.076, p = 0.002, d = 0.34], with women reporting higher levels than men. Discussion The findings position fear of loneliness as a key affective link between first-year students’ adjustment to university and their depressive symptoms, suggesting that early detection and intervention programs focused on adjustment, implemented during the first year, could help mitigate depression in this population.Articlehttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935089https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935089/pdfW7221763088enFrontiers in Psychology1664-10782026-10-14
spellingShingle college adjustment
fear of loneliness
depression
first-year students
transition to higher education
social adaptation
academic adjustment
institutional adaptation
personal-emotional adjustment
gender differences
Peruvian Amazon
private university students
Student Stress and Coping
Higher Education Research Studies
Health and Well-being Studies
Rosa Gebol-Checàn
Gianella Ascorbe-Peña
Royer Miguel-Mariño
Calixto Tapullima-Mori
Julio Cjuno
Jhordan Jhonny Mayta Llanos
Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation model
title Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation model
title_full Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation model
title_fullStr Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation model
title_full_unstemmed Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation model
title_short Adaptation to university life, fear of loneliness, and depression in first-year students at a private university in the Peruvian Amazon: a structural equation model
title_sort adaptation to university life fear of loneliness and depression in first year students at a private university in the peruvian amazon a structural equation model
topic college adjustment
fear of loneliness
depression
first-year students
transition to higher education
social adaptation
academic adjustment
institutional adaptation
personal-emotional adjustment
gender differences
Peruvian Amazon
private university students
Student Stress and Coping
Higher Education Research Studies
Health and Well-being Studies
topic_facet college adjustment
fear of loneliness
depression
first-year students
transition to higher education
social adaptation
academic adjustment
institutional adaptation
personal-emotional adjustment
gender differences
Peruvian Amazon
private university students
Student Stress and Coping
Higher Education Research Studies
Health and Well-being Studies
url https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935089
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935089/pdf
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