Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and Enforcement
The rights of nature have transformed Andean environmental law by challenging the assumption that only human interests can organize constitutional protection. This narrative legal review examines that transformation across Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, the four members of the Andean Communit...
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| Formato: | Reference entry |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
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2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Enlace permanente (DOI o Handle) Registro tomado de OpenAlex, que lo atribuye a la UPeU. Aún no está en el CRIS de la universidad. |
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| _version_ | 1881750359140990976 |
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| author | Alexander Fernando Haro Haro Sarango Persi Vera Zelada Arterio Genaro Merchán Merchán Ruilova Jorge Alejandro Tejada Carrera Denis Javier Aranguri Cayetano Oscar Tarrillo Saldaña Fanny del Rocío Idrogo Vásquez |
| author_browse | Alexander Fernando Haro Haro Sarango Arterio Genaro Merchán Merchán Ruilova Denis Javier Aranguri Cayetano Fanny del Rocío Idrogo Vásquez Jorge Alejandro Tejada Carrera Oscar Tarrillo Saldaña Persi Vera Zelada |
| author_facet | Alexander Fernando Haro Haro Sarango Persi Vera Zelada Arterio Genaro Merchán Merchán Ruilova Jorge Alejandro Tejada Carrera Denis Javier Aranguri Cayetano Oscar Tarrillo Saldaña Fanny del Rocío Idrogo Vásquez |
| author_sort | Alexander Fernando Haro Haro Sarango |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | The rights of nature have transformed Andean environmental law by challenging the assumption that only human interests can organize constitutional protection. This narrative legal review examines that transformation across Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, the four members of the Andean Community. The review analyzes a curated corpus of 91 academic, constitutional, legislative, judicial, regional, and international sources through four lenses: legal subjecthood, ecological normativity, intercultural legitimacy, and institutional enforceability. The comparison identifies four distinct pathways. Ecuador constitutionalized nature as a rights-bearing subject and subsequently developed an increasingly specific body of constitutional jurisprudence. Bolivia combined plurinational constitutionalism with statutory rights of Mother Earth and a state-centered framework for integral development in harmony with nature. Colombia reached comparable outcomes through judicial construction, especially through biocultural rights and guardianship arrangements for ecosystems. Peru retained a predominantly anthropocentric environmental-rights model, although constitutional doctrine, municipal initiatives, and reform proposals reveal a growing ecocentric opening. Across the subregion, formal recognition is neither necessary nor sufficient for ecological effectiveness, understood here as the capacity of legal rules and remedies to prevent, halt, or reverse the degradation of protected ecological functions and processes. Outcomes depend on standing, representation, scientific and Indigenous knowledge, remedial design, monitoring, budgets, and the capacity to confront extractive political economies. Andean Community instruments provide a valuable regional layer for biodiversity, genetic resources, and environmental cooperation, but they do not yet harmonize the legal status of nature. The review concludes that the strongest future model is a plural and enforceable ecological constitutionalism: one that protects nature’s intrinsic value, preserves human and collective environmental rights, embeds intercultural participation, and translates judicial declarations into measurable restoration and non-regression duties. |
| format | Reference entry |
| fuente_str | OpenAlex |
| id | openalex:W7216064475 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | openalex:W7216064475Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and EnforcementAlexander Fernando Haro Haro SarangoPersi Vera ZeladaArterio Genaro Merchán Merchán RuilovaJorge Alejandro Tejada CarreraDenis Javier Aranguri CayetanoOscar Tarrillo SaldañaFanny del Rocío Idrogo Vásquezrights of natureAndean Communityconstitutional lawMother Earthbiocultural rightsenvironmental law enforcementindigenous knowledgeextractivismregional environmental cooperationEcuadorBoliviaColombiaPeruEnvironmental law and policyComparative International Legal StudiesComparative constitutional jurisprudence studiesThe rights of nature have transformed Andean environmental law by challenging the assumption that only human interests can organize constitutional protection. This narrative legal review examines that transformation across Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, the four members of the Andean Community. The review analyzes a curated corpus of 91 academic, constitutional, legislative, judicial, regional, and international sources through four lenses: legal subjecthood, ecological normativity, intercultural legitimacy, and institutional enforceability. The comparison identifies four distinct pathways. Ecuador constitutionalized nature as a rights-bearing subject and subsequently developed an increasingly specific body of constitutional jurisprudence. Bolivia combined plurinational constitutionalism with statutory rights of Mother Earth and a state-centered framework for integral development in harmony with nature. Colombia reached comparable outcomes through judicial construction, especially through biocultural rights and guardianship arrangements for ecosystems. Peru retained a predominantly anthropocentric environmental-rights model, although constitutional doctrine, municipal initiatives, and reform proposals reveal a growing ecocentric opening. Across the subregion, formal recognition is neither necessary nor sufficient for ecological effectiveness, understood here as the capacity of legal rules and remedies to prevent, halt, or reverse the degradation of protected ecological functions and processes. Outcomes depend on standing, representation, scientific and Indigenous knowledge, remedial design, monitoring, budgets, and the capacity to confront extractive political economies. Andean Community instruments provide a valuable regional layer for biodiversity, genetic resources, and environmental cooperation, but they do not yet harmonize the legal status of nature. The review concludes that the strongest future model is a plural and enforceable ecological constitutionalism: one that protects nature’s intrinsic value, preserves human and collective environmental rights, embeds intercultural participation, and translates judicial declarations into measurable restoration and non-regression duties.Reference entryhttps://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6100217W7216064475enEncyclopedia2673-83922026-10-02 |
| spellingShingle | rights of nature Andean Community constitutional law Mother Earth biocultural rights environmental law enforcement indigenous knowledge extractivism regional environmental cooperation Ecuador Bolivia Colombia Peru Environmental law and policy Comparative International Legal Studies Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies Alexander Fernando Haro Haro Sarango Persi Vera Zelada Arterio Genaro Merchán Merchán Ruilova Jorge Alejandro Tejada Carrera Denis Javier Aranguri Cayetano Oscar Tarrillo Saldaña Fanny del Rocío Idrogo Vásquez Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and Enforcement |
| title | Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and Enforcement |
| title_full | Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and Enforcement |
| title_fullStr | Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and Enforcement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and Enforcement |
| title_short | Rights of Nature in the Andean Community: Foundations, Constitutional Models, and Enforcement |
| title_sort | rights of nature in the andean community foundations constitutional models and enforcement |
| topic | rights of nature Andean Community constitutional law Mother Earth biocultural rights environmental law enforcement indigenous knowledge extractivism regional environmental cooperation Ecuador Bolivia Colombia Peru Environmental law and policy Comparative International Legal Studies Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies |
| topic_facet | rights of nature Andean Community constitutional law Mother Earth biocultural rights environmental law enforcement indigenous knowledge extractivism regional environmental cooperation Ecuador Bolivia Colombia Peru Environmental law and policy Comparative International Legal Studies Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6100217 |
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