Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru
Introduction: Depression is currently one of the most impactful mental health conditions worldwide, with more than 280 million reported cases. However, there is a critical lack of data on Indigenous populations due to language barriers and the absence of culturally adapted assessment tools, limiting...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
| Publicado: |
2026
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Enlace permanente (DOI o Handle) |
| Etiquetas: |
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| _version_ | 1881700504062394368 |
|---|---|
| author | Lariza Calderón-Delgado Luis Fernando Segura-Muñoz Silvana Maria Figueroa Toribio Julio Cjuno |
| author_browse | Julio Cjuno Lariza Calderón-Delgado Luis Fernando Segura-Muñoz Silvana Maria Figueroa Toribio |
| author_facet | Lariza Calderón-Delgado Luis Fernando Segura-Muñoz Silvana Maria Figueroa Toribio Julio Cjuno |
| author_sort | Lariza Calderón-Delgado |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | Introduction: Depression is currently one of the most impactful mental health conditions worldwide, with more than 280 million reported cases. However, there is a critical lack of data on Indigenous populations due to language barriers and the absence of culturally adapted assessment tools, limiting timely diagnosis and appropriate care. The aim of this work is to culturally and linguistically adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) into the Shawi language and to evaluate its psychometric properties among Indigenous adults in Alto Amazonas, Peru. Methods: A rigorous cultural adaptation process was carried out, including translation by bilingual experts and back-translation. Validation involved expert technical review and a pilot phase conducted within the participating community. Content validity was assessed using Aiken's V coefficient as a statistical indicator. The internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The sample consisted of 432 members of the Shawi community. The instrument showed excellent content validity (V = 0.90 to 1.00). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional model with good fit (comparative fit index: 0.98; root mean square error of approximation: 0.06) and adequate internal consistency (α = 0.80; ω = 0.81). In addition, invariance of the PHQ-9 was demonstrated across age, sex, educational level, and marital status, supporting its applicability across different population subgroups. Conclusions: The Shawi version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 has proven to be a reliable and valid tool for detecting depressive symptoms in this Indigenous population. This advancement represents a significant contribution to reducing mental health disparities by facilitating culturally appropriate diagnoses and improving care in historically underserved Amazonian communities. |
| format | Article |
| id | openalex:W7160637253 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | openalex:W7160637253Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, PeruLariza Calderón-DelgadoLuis Fernando Segura-MuñozSilvana Maria Figueroa ToribioJulio CjunoPHQ-9cultural adaptationdepression screeningIndigenous adultspsychometric validationmeasurement invariancecontent validityconfirmatory factor analysismental health disparitiesAlto AmazonasAmazonian communitiesHealth Education and ValidationPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesIntroduction: Depression is currently one of the most impactful mental health conditions worldwide, with more than 280 million reported cases. However, there is a critical lack of data on Indigenous populations due to language barriers and the absence of culturally adapted assessment tools, limiting timely diagnosis and appropriate care. The aim of this work is to culturally and linguistically adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) into the Shawi language and to evaluate its psychometric properties among Indigenous adults in Alto Amazonas, Peru. Methods: A rigorous cultural adaptation process was carried out, including translation by bilingual experts and back-translation. Validation involved expert technical review and a pilot phase conducted within the participating community. Content validity was assessed using Aiken's V coefficient as a statistical indicator. The internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The sample consisted of 432 members of the Shawi community. The instrument showed excellent content validity (V = 0.90 to 1.00). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional model with good fit (comparative fit index: 0.98; root mean square error of approximation: 0.06) and adequate internal consistency (α = 0.80; ω = 0.81). In addition, invariance of the PHQ-9 was demonstrated across age, sex, educational level, and marital status, supporting its applicability across different population subgroups. Conclusions: The Shawi version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 has proven to be a reliable and valid tool for detecting depressive symptoms in this Indigenous population. This advancement represents a significant contribution to reducing mental health disparities by facilitating culturally appropriate diagnoses and improving care in historically underserved Amazonian communities.Articlehttps://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3176W7160637253enMedwave0717-63842026-05-08 |
| spellingShingle | PHQ-9 cultural adaptation depression screening Indigenous adults psychometric validation measurement invariance content validity confirmatory factor analysis mental health disparities Alto Amazonas Amazonian communities Health Education and Validation Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Lariza Calderón-Delgado Luis Fernando Segura-Muñoz Silvana Maria Figueroa Toribio Julio Cjuno Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru |
| title | Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru |
| title_full | Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru |
| title_fullStr | Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru |
| title_short | Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru |
| title_sort | cultural adaptation to shawi and psychometric analysis of the patient health questionnaire phq 9 in adults from the alto amazonas peru |
| topic | PHQ-9 cultural adaptation depression screening Indigenous adults psychometric validation measurement invariance content validity confirmatory factor analysis mental health disparities Alto Amazonas Amazonian communities Health Education and Validation Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes |
| topic_facet | PHQ-9 cultural adaptation depression screening Indigenous adults psychometric validation measurement invariance content validity confirmatory factor analysis mental health disparities Alto Amazonas Amazonian communities Health Education and Validation Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3176 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT larizacalderondelgado culturaladaptationtoshawiandpsychometricanalysisofthepatienthealthquestionnairephq9inadultsfromthealtoamazonasperu AT luisfernandoseguramunoz culturaladaptationtoshawiandpsychometricanalysisofthepatienthealthquestionnairephq9inadultsfromthealtoamazonasperu AT silvanamariafigueroatoribio culturaladaptationtoshawiandpsychometricanalysisofthepatienthealthquestionnairephq9inadultsfromthealtoamazonasperu AT juliocjuno culturaladaptationtoshawiandpsychometricanalysisofthepatienthealthquestionnairephq9inadultsfromthealtoamazonasperu |