Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations
OBJECTIVE: To culturally adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for Aymara-speaking populations in Peru and Bolivia and to evaluate its psychometric properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 1,607 Aymara speakers from Peru (n = 969) and Boliv...
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2026
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| _version_ | 1881700497493065728 |
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| author | Julio Cjuno Lucy Puño -Quispe Jovita Coronado-Fernández Carla Dávila-Valencia Marco Alvarado-Carbonel Elvis Chura-Maquera Mishell Mamani-Quea Frank Peralta-Álvarez Oscar Alfredo Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos Bazo‐Alvarez |
| author_browse | Carla Dávila-Valencia Elvis Chura-Maquera Frank Peralta-Álvarez Jovita Coronado-Fernández Juan Carlos Bazo‐Alvarez Julio Cjuno Lucy Puño -Quispe Marco Alvarado-Carbonel Mishell Mamani-Quea Oscar Alfredo Bazo-Alvarez |
| author_facet | Julio Cjuno Lucy Puño -Quispe Jovita Coronado-Fernández Carla Dávila-Valencia Marco Alvarado-Carbonel Elvis Chura-Maquera Mishell Mamani-Quea Frank Peralta-Álvarez Oscar Alfredo Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos Bazo‐Alvarez |
| author_sort | Julio Cjuno |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | OBJECTIVE: To culturally adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for Aymara-speaking populations in Peru and Bolivia and to evaluate its psychometric properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 1,607 Aymara speakers from Peru (n = 969) and Bolivia (n = 638), aged 18 to 74 years, with both sexes represented. In the first phase, forward and backward translations were carried out, followed by expert review to ensure cultural contextualization, and focus group with Aymara speakers. In the second phase, internal structure validity, external criterion validity, group-based invariance, and reliability were assessed. RESULTS: The Aymara PHQ-9 demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure with satisfactory fit indices (CFI & TLI > 0.95 and RMSEA & SRMR < 0.08) across Aymara variants in Peru and Bolivia. Measurement invariance was established across age, sex, residential area, education level, and marital status. External validity revealed significant relationships with the GAD-7 and WHO-5. Both country-specific versions showed high reliability coefficients (Peru α = 0.847 to 0.849; Bolivia ω = 0.943 to 0.942). CONCLUSIONS: The Aymara PHQ-9 for Peru and Bolivia demonstrated robust internal structure validity, external validity, measurement invariance, and reliability. This version is therefore recommended for depression screening among Aymara populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | openalex:W7126175654 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
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| spelling | openalex:W7126175654Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populationsJulio CjunoLucy Puño -QuispeJovita Coronado-FernándezCarla Dávila-ValenciaMarco Alvarado-CarbonelElvis Chura-MaqueraMishell Mamani-QueaFrank Peralta-ÁlvarezOscar Alfredo Bazo-AlvarezJuan Carlos Bazo‐AlvarezPHQ-9Aymara languageculturally adapted questionnairedepression screeningmeasurement invariancepsychometric propertiesfactor structureinternal consistencyPeruBoliviaindigenous peoplesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesHealth Education and ValidationOBJECTIVE: To culturally adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for Aymara-speaking populations in Peru and Bolivia and to evaluate its psychometric properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 1,607 Aymara speakers from Peru (n = 969) and Bolivia (n = 638), aged 18 to 74 years, with both sexes represented. In the first phase, forward and backward translations were carried out, followed by expert review to ensure cultural contextualization, and focus group with Aymara speakers. In the second phase, internal structure validity, external criterion validity, group-based invariance, and reliability were assessed. RESULTS: The Aymara PHQ-9 demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure with satisfactory fit indices (CFI & TLI > 0.95 and RMSEA & SRMR < 0.08) across Aymara variants in Peru and Bolivia. Measurement invariance was established across age, sex, residential area, education level, and marital status. External validity revealed significant relationships with the GAD-7 and WHO-5. Both country-specific versions showed high reliability coefficients (Peru α = 0.847 to 0.849; Bolivia ω = 0.943 to 0.942). CONCLUSIONS: The Aymara PHQ-9 for Peru and Bolivia demonstrated robust internal structure validity, external validity, measurement invariance, and reliability. This version is therefore recommended for depression screening among Aymara populations.Articlehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-03972-1W7126175654enBMC Psychology2050-72832026-01-30 |
| spellingShingle | PHQ-9 Aymara language culturally adapted questionnaire depression screening measurement invariance psychometric properties factor structure internal consistency Peru Bolivia indigenous peoples Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Health Education and Validation Julio Cjuno Lucy Puño -Quispe Jovita Coronado-Fernández Carla Dávila-Valencia Marco Alvarado-Carbonel Elvis Chura-Maquera Mishell Mamani-Quea Frank Peralta-Álvarez Oscar Alfredo Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos Bazo‐Alvarez Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations |
| title | Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations |
| title_full | Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations |
| title_fullStr | Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations |
| title_short | Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations |
| title_sort | adaptation to aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the patient health questionnaire phq 9 in peruvian and bolivian populations |
| topic | PHQ-9 Aymara language culturally adapted questionnaire depression screening measurement invariance psychometric properties factor structure internal consistency Peru Bolivia indigenous peoples Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Health Education and Validation |
| topic_facet | PHQ-9 Aymara language culturally adapted questionnaire depression screening measurement invariance psychometric properties factor structure internal consistency Peru Bolivia indigenous peoples Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Health Education and Validation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-03972-1 |
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