Life satisfaction and perceived overload as predictors of mental health in caregivers of psychiatric patients in the Peruvian Andes: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Caregivers of psychiatric patients in the Peruvian Andes face unique challenges where most people do not receive the necessary health care. Objective: To analyze the association of life satisfaction and perceived competence with mental health, determining their incremental explanatory...

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Autores principales: Jorge Antonio Calderon Apaza, Paul Cristian Alanocca Quispe
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:inglés
Publicado: 2026
Materias:
life satisfaction
perceived competence
mental health
informal caregivers
psychiatric patients
caregiver burden
protective factors
educational attainment
Peruvian Andes
community mental health centers
Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
Nursing care and research
Family and Disability Support Research
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Sumario:Introduction: Caregivers of psychiatric patients in the Peruvian Andes face unique challenges where most people do not receive the necessary health care. Objective: To analyze the association of life satisfaction and perceived competence with mental health, determining their incremental explanatory contribution after controlling for sociodemographic variables and perceived overload. Method: Cross-sectional study with 102 informal caregivers (85.3% women) recruited in four Community Mental Health Centers in Puno, Peru. Mental health (MHI-5), overload (Zarit), life satisfaction (SWLS), and sociodemographic variables were measured. A hierarchical linear regression analysis with bootstrapping (5000 samples, BCa) was performed to handle data non-normality, in addition to non-parametric comparisons (Kruskal-Wallis). Results: The final model explained 48.5% of the variance (R² adjusted = .48). Through bootstrapping, life satisfaction (β =0.41, p <.001) and perceived competence (β=−0.27, p=.004) showed robust significant associations with mental health. A displacement effect was observed where overload, significant in the first model, lost statistical significance (p =.103) upon introducing psychological resources. Likewise, a low level of instruction (primary and secondary) remained a significant risk factor compared to higher education. Conclusion: Self-perception of competence and life satisfaction act as protective factors that displace the direct impact of perceived overload.

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