Conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, Peru

Abstract In Lima (the capital of Peru), archaeological sites are constantly being threatened by accelerated urban expansion. This study examines Independencia (a district in northern Lima), where 95% of archaeological areas have been encroached upon due to inadequate planning and conservation polici...

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Autores principales: Dionis, Cleber, Cristobal, Mirtha, Álvarez, Nataly, Yarasca Aybar, Cristian Pedro
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Lenguaje:inglés
Publicado: 2025
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author Dionis, Cleber
Cristobal, Mirtha
Álvarez, Nataly
Yarasca Aybar, Cristian Pedro
author_browse Cristobal, Mirtha
Dionis, Cleber
Yarasca Aybar, Cristian Pedro
Álvarez, Nataly
author_facet Dionis, Cleber
Cristobal, Mirtha
Álvarez, Nataly
Yarasca Aybar, Cristian Pedro
author_sort Dionis, Cleber
collection Producción científica
description Abstract In Lima (the capital of Peru), archaeological sites are constantly being threatened by accelerated urban expansion. This study examines Independencia (a district in northern Lima), where 95% of archaeological areas have been encroached upon due to inadequate planning and conservation policies. Focusing on four key archaeological sites (Cerro La Cruz, Cerro San Jerónimo, Pampa de Cueva, and San Jerónimo), this study employed a comprehensive pathological analysis to assess the extent and causes of deterioration. Data were gathered through field observation sheets based on the Ministry of Culture’s Conservation Guide, alongside historical photographs, aerial imagery, and urban mapping. The results indicate that human agents (27.1%) are the primary drivers of damage, supplemented by fortuitous (4.07%) and biological (2.89%) agents. The pronounced deterioration, particularly from human agents, underscores the urgent need for a holistic conservation strategy that integrates community participation with technical heritage management, ensuring that Lima’s pre-Hispanic legacy is preserved amidst ongoing urban pressure.
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spelling oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/6412026-11-02T12:57:04ZConservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, PeruDionis, CleberCristobal, MirthaÁlvarez, NatalyYarasca Aybar, Cristian PedroConservationArchaeological sitesUrban sprawlCultural heritagePre-HispanicAbstract In Lima (the capital of Peru), archaeological sites are constantly being threatened by accelerated urban expansion. This study examines Independencia (a district in northern Lima), where 95% of archaeological areas have been encroached upon due to inadequate planning and conservation policies. Focusing on four key archaeological sites (Cerro La Cruz, Cerro San Jerónimo, Pampa de Cueva, and San Jerónimo), this study employed a comprehensive pathological analysis to assess the extent and causes of deterioration. Data were gathered through field observation sheets based on the Ministry of Culture’s Conservation Guide, alongside historical photographs, aerial imagery, and urban mapping. The results indicate that human agents (27.1%) are the primary drivers of damage, supplemented by fortuitous (4.07%) and biological (2.89%) agents. The pronounced deterioration, particularly from human agents, underscores the urgent need for a holistic conservation strategy that integrates community participation with technical heritage management, ensuring that Lima’s pre-Hispanic legacy is preserved amidst ongoing urban pressure.Articlehttps://built-heritage.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43238-025-00203-1https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-025-00203-110.1186/s43238-025-00203-1https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/641W4411218608enBuilt Heritage2096-30412662-68022025-06-112026-06-13T08:19:25Z2026-06-13T08:19:25Z
spellingShingle Conservation
Archaeological sites
Urban sprawl
Cultural heritage
Pre-Hispanic
Dionis, Cleber
Cristobal, Mirtha
Álvarez, Nataly
Yarasca Aybar, Cristian Pedro
Conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, Peru
title Conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, Peru
title_full Conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, Peru
title_fullStr Conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, Peru
title_full_unstemmed Conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, Peru
title_short Conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl: the case of Independencia, Peru
title_sort conservation of archaeological sites in the face of urban sprawl the case of independencia peru
topic Conservation
Archaeological sites
Urban sprawl
Cultural heritage
Pre-Hispanic
topic_facet Conservation
Archaeological sites
Urban sprawl
Cultural heritage
Pre-Hispanic
url https://built-heritage.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43238-025-00203-1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-025-00203-1
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/641
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