Self-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional study
In recent decades, anxiety has increasingly affected the mental health of university students; however, few predictive studies have compared two countries in the Americas. This study examined stress and self-efficacy as predictors of anxiety among university students in Peru and Mexico. A cross-sect...
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2025
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| author | Anicama, José Calderón, Raymundo Javier Aliaga, David Joel Caballero, Graciela Talla, Karina Pizarro, Ruth Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Saintila, Jacksaint |
| author_browse | Anicama, José Caballero, Graciela Calderón, Raymundo Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Javier Aliaga, David Joel Pizarro, Ruth Saintila, Jacksaint Talla, Karina |
| author_facet | Anicama, José Calderón, Raymundo Javier Aliaga, David Joel Caballero, Graciela Talla, Karina Pizarro, Ruth Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Saintila, Jacksaint |
| author_sort | Anicama, José |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | In recent decades, anxiety has increasingly affected the mental health of university students; however, few predictive studies have compared two countries in the Americas. This study examined stress and self-efficacy as predictors of anxiety among university students in Peru and Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,167 university students, including 1,160 from Peru and 1,007 from Mexico. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Communicable Disease Stress Scale (CDSS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were utilized. Predictive analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that Mexican students reported significantly higher levels of stress (M = 9.81, SD = 9.81, d = 0.277, p < 0.001) and anxiety (M = 9.46, SD = 9.46, d = 0.212, p < 0.001) compared to Peruvian students (stress: M = 8.89, SD = 3.04; anxiety: M = 8.39, SD = 4.86). In the regression analysis for Peruvian students, stress ( β = 0.6072, CI [0.5602, 0.6541], p < 0.001) was the primary predictor of anxiety, followed by self-efficacy ( β = −0.0765, CI [−0.1230, −0.0299], p < 0.001), sex ( β = −0.0462, CI [−0.0907, −0.0018], p = 0.042), and age ( β = −0.0906, CI [−0.1344, −0.0468], p < 0.001). For Mexican students (Model 2), stress ( β = 0.685, CI [0.640, 0.7301], p < 0.001) and self-efficacy ( β = −0.103, CI [−0.148, −0.0575], p < 0.001) remained significant predictors of anxiety, with stress having the greatest impact. The model explained 42.9% of the variance in anxiety among Peruvian students (adjusted R 2 = 0.427) and 52.7% among Mexican students (adjusted R 2 = 0.526). These findings underscore the need for interventions focused on enhancing self-efficacy and stress management, taking cultural factors into account, to reduce anxiety among university students. |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/269 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
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| spelling | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/2692026-11-02T12:57:04ZSelf-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional studyAnicama, JoséCalderón, RaymundoJavier Aliaga, David JoelCaballero, GracielaTalla, KarinaPizarro, RuthCalizaya Milla, Yaquelin EvelingSaintila, Jacksaintanxietymental healthself-efficacystresspsychologicalstudentsIn recent decades, anxiety has increasingly affected the mental health of university students; however, few predictive studies have compared two countries in the Americas. This study examined stress and self-efficacy as predictors of anxiety among university students in Peru and Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,167 university students, including 1,160 from Peru and 1,007 from Mexico. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Communicable Disease Stress Scale (CDSS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were utilized. Predictive analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that Mexican students reported significantly higher levels of stress (M = 9.81, SD = 9.81, d = 0.277, p < 0.001) and anxiety (M = 9.46, SD = 9.46, d = 0.212, p < 0.001) compared to Peruvian students (stress: M = 8.89, SD = 3.04; anxiety: M = 8.39, SD = 4.86). In the regression analysis for Peruvian students, stress ( β = 0.6072, CI [0.5602, 0.6541], p < 0.001) was the primary predictor of anxiety, followed by self-efficacy ( β = −0.0765, CI [−0.1230, −0.0299], p < 0.001), sex ( β = −0.0462, CI [−0.0907, −0.0018], p = 0.042), and age ( β = −0.0906, CI [−0.1344, −0.0468], p < 0.001). For Mexican students (Model 2), stress ( β = 0.685, CI [0.640, 0.7301], p < 0.001) and self-efficacy ( β = −0.103, CI [−0.148, −0.0575], p < 0.001) remained significant predictors of anxiety, with stress having the greatest impact. The model explained 42.9% of the variance in anxiety among Peruvian students (adjusted R 2 = 0.427) and 52.7% among Mexican students (adjusted R 2 = 0.526). These findings underscore the need for interventions focused on enhancing self-efficacy and stress management, taking cultural factors into account, to reduce anxiety among university students.Articlehttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1423406/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.142340610.3389/feduc.2025.1423406https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/269W4408872183enFrontiers in Education2504-284X2025-03-262026-06-13T08:09:17Z2026-06-13T08:09:17Z |
| spellingShingle | anxiety mental health self-efficacy stress psychological students Anicama, José Calderón, Raymundo Javier Aliaga, David Joel Caballero, Graciela Talla, Karina Pizarro, Ruth Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Saintila, Jacksaint Self-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional study |
| title | Self-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Self-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Self-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Self-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Self-efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian and Mexican university students: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | self efficacy and stress as predictors of anxiety in peruvian and mexican university students a cross sectional study |
| topic | anxiety mental health self-efficacy stress psychological students |
| topic_facet | anxiety mental health self-efficacy stress psychological students |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1423406/pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1423406 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/269 |
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