What has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sample
Mental health in adolescents is a public health issue with both immediate and long-term implications. Several studies have demonstrated that Body Mass Index (BMI) and self-efficacy are associated with this issue, although they have generally been examined independently. Therefore, the aim of this st...
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2025
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| author | Huanca-Cachicatari, Daniela Navarro-Carrasco, Raquel Javier Aliaga, David Joel Chanducas Lozano de Casildo, Bertha Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Saintila, Jacksaint |
| author_browse | Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Chanducas Lozano de Casildo, Bertha Huanca-Cachicatari, Daniela Javier Aliaga, David Joel Navarro-Carrasco, Raquel Saintila, Jacksaint |
| author_facet | Huanca-Cachicatari, Daniela Navarro-Carrasco, Raquel Javier Aliaga, David Joel Chanducas Lozano de Casildo, Bertha Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Saintila, Jacksaint |
| author_sort | Huanca-Cachicatari, Daniela |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | Mental health in adolescents is a public health issue with both immediate and long-term implications. Several studies have demonstrated that Body Mass Index (BMI) and self-efficacy are associated with this issue, although they have generally been examined independently. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictive role of BMI and self-efficacy in mental health in a sample of Peruvian adolescents. The research was non-experimental and predictive in nature. The sample consisted of 343 students (49.6% male and 50.4% female), aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.71; SD = 1.08), from a public educational institution in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. The sample was selected through non-probabilistic, purposive sampling. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Mental Health Inventory (R-MHI-5) were used, and BMI was measured using Quetelet’s formula. The results showed a significant relationship between BMI and mental health, as well as between self-efficacy and mental health (p < 0.001). Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found between BMI, self-efficacy, and mental health according to gender and age (p > 0.05). Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictor variables BMI and self-efficacy explained 25.1% (adjusted R2) of the variability in adolescent mental health. The standardized coefficients (β) indicated that self-efficacy (0.452) had a greater impact on the prediction of mental health than BMI (-0.202). These findings demonstrate that self-efficacy, understood as adolescents’ personal beliefs about their ability to control their lives and solve problems, has a more significant impact on their mental health than their body mass index (BMI). Therefore, it is recommended that educational and public health interventions aimed at improving mental health adopt a holistic approach that integrates both physical and nutritional components (BMI) as well as psychological components (self-efficacy). |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/261 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
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| spelling | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/2612026-11-02T12:57:04ZWhat has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sampleHuanca-Cachicatari, DanielaNavarro-Carrasco, RaquelJavier Aliaga, David JoelChanducas Lozano de Casildo, BerthaCalizaya Milla, Yaquelin EvelingSaintila, JacksaintBMIMental healthAdolescentsSelf-efficacyMental health in adolescents is a public health issue with both immediate and long-term implications. Several studies have demonstrated that Body Mass Index (BMI) and self-efficacy are associated with this issue, although they have generally been examined independently. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictive role of BMI and self-efficacy in mental health in a sample of Peruvian adolescents. The research was non-experimental and predictive in nature. The sample consisted of 343 students (49.6% male and 50.4% female), aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.71; SD = 1.08), from a public educational institution in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. The sample was selected through non-probabilistic, purposive sampling. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Mental Health Inventory (R-MHI-5) were used, and BMI was measured using Quetelet’s formula. The results showed a significant relationship between BMI and mental health, as well as between self-efficacy and mental health (p < 0.001). Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found between BMI, self-efficacy, and mental health according to gender and age (p > 0.05). Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictor variables BMI and self-efficacy explained 25.1% (adjusted R2) of the variability in adolescent mental health. The standardized coefficients (β) indicated that self-efficacy (0.452) had a greater impact on the prediction of mental health than BMI (-0.202). These findings demonstrate that self-efficacy, understood as adolescents’ personal beliefs about their ability to control their lives and solve problems, has a more significant impact on their mental health than their body mass index (BMI). Therefore, it is recommended that educational and public health interventions aimed at improving mental health adopt a holistic approach that integrates both physical and nutritional components (BMI) as well as psychological components (self-efficacy).Articlehttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40605020https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40359-025-03055-7https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03055-7PMC1222508710.1186/s40359-025-03055-7https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/26140605020W4411960544enBMC Psychology2050-72832025-07-022026-06-13T08:09:03Z2026-06-13T08:09:03Z |
| spellingShingle | BMI Mental health Adolescents Self-efficacy Huanca-Cachicatari, Daniela Navarro-Carrasco, Raquel Javier Aliaga, David Joel Chanducas Lozano de Casildo, Bertha Calizaya Milla, Yaquelin Eveling Saintila, Jacksaint What has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sample |
| title | What has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sample |
| title_full | What has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sample |
| title_fullStr | What has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sample |
| title_full_unstemmed | What has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sample |
| title_short | What has a greater influence on adolescent mental health: BMI or self-efficacy? Evidence from a Peruvian sample |
| title_sort | what has a greater influence on adolescent mental health bmi or self efficacy evidence from a peruvian sample |
| topic | BMI Mental health Adolescents Self-efficacy |
| topic_facet | BMI Mental health Adolescents Self-efficacy |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40605020 https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40359-025-03055-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03055-7 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/261 |
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