Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a widely used instrument to assess depression in older adults. The short GDS versions that have four (GDS-4) and five items (GDS-5) represent alternatives for depression screening in limited-resource settings. However, their accuracy remains uncert...
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2021
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| author | Brañez‐Condorena, Ana Soriano‐Moreno, David R. Navarro‐Flores, Alba Solis-Chimoy, Blanca Diaz-Barrera, Mario E. Taype-Rondan, Alvaro |
| author_browse | Brañez‐Condorena, Ana Diaz-Barrera, Mario E. Navarro‐Flores, Alba Solis-Chimoy, Blanca Soriano‐Moreno, David R. Taype-Rondan, Alvaro |
| author_facet | Brañez‐Condorena, Ana Soriano‐Moreno, David R. Navarro‐Flores, Alba Solis-Chimoy, Blanca Diaz-Barrera, Mario E. Taype-Rondan, Alvaro |
| author_sort | Brañez‐Condorena, Ana |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | BACKGROUND: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a widely used instrument to assess depression in older adults. The short GDS versions that have four (GDS-4) and five items (GDS-5) represent alternatives for depression screening in limited-resource settings. However, their accuracy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions for depression screening in older adults. METHODS: Until May 2020, we systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar; for studies that have assessed the sensitivity and specificity of GDS-4 and GDS-5 for depression screening in older adults. We conducted meta-analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of those studies that used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) as reference standard. Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. We performed bivariate random-effects meta-analyses to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) at each reported common cut-off. For the overall meta-analyses, we evaluated each GDS-4 version or GDS-5 version separately by each cut-off, and for investigations of heterogeneity, we assessed altogether across similar GDS versions by each cut-off. Also, we assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included and meta-analyzed, assessing eleven different GDS versions. The number of participants included was 5048. When including all versions together, at a cut-off 2, GDS-4 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.68-0.81); while GDS-5 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.85 (0.80-0.90) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.69-0.81). We found results for more than one GDS-4 version at cut-off points 1, 2, and 3; and for more than one GDS-5 version at cut-off points 1, 2, 3, and 4. Mostly, significant subgroup differences at different test thresholds across versions were found. The accuracy of the different GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions showed a high heterogeneity. There was high risk of bias in the index test domain. Also, the certainty of the evidence was low or very low for most of the GDS versions. CONCLUSIONS: We found several GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions that showed great heterogeneity in estimates of sensitivity and specificity, mostly with a low or very low certainty of the evidence. Altogether, our results indicate the need for more well-designed studies that compare different GDS versions. |
| format | Other |
| id | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/1490 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/14902026-10-30T16:15:57ZAccuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysisBrañez‐Condorena, AnaSoriano‐Moreno, David R.Navarro‐Flores, AlbaSolis-Chimoy, BlancaDiaz-Barrera, Mario E.Taype-Rondan, AlvaroGeriatric Depression ScaleMeta-analysisMedicineDepression (economics)PsycINFOMEDLINEPsychiatryDepressive symptomsInternal medicineAnxietyLawEconomicsPolitical scienceMacroeconomicsAgedDepression diagnosisHumansMass Screening methodsMass Screening standardsPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesReference StandardsReproducibility of ResultsGeriatric Assessment methodsInternational Classification of Diseases standardsDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersSocial Sciences Psychology Social Psychology Mental Health Treatment and AccessHealth Sciences Medicine Psychiatry and Mental health Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchSocial Sciences Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Aging and Gerontology ResearchBACKGROUND: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a widely used instrument to assess depression in older adults. The short GDS versions that have four (GDS-4) and five items (GDS-5) represent alternatives for depression screening in limited-resource settings. However, their accuracy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions for depression screening in older adults. METHODS: Until May 2020, we systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar; for studies that have assessed the sensitivity and specificity of GDS-4 and GDS-5 for depression screening in older adults. We conducted meta-analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of those studies that used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) as reference standard. Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. We performed bivariate random-effects meta-analyses to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) at each reported common cut-off. For the overall meta-analyses, we evaluated each GDS-4 version or GDS-5 version separately by each cut-off, and for investigations of heterogeneity, we assessed altogether across similar GDS versions by each cut-off. Also, we assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included and meta-analyzed, assessing eleven different GDS versions. The number of participants included was 5048. When including all versions together, at a cut-off 2, GDS-4 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.68-0.81); while GDS-5 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.85 (0.80-0.90) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.69-0.81). We found results for more than one GDS-4 version at cut-off points 1, 2, and 3; and for more than one GDS-5 version at cut-off points 1, 2, 3, and 4. Mostly, significant subgroup differences at different test thresholds across versions were found. The accuracy of the different GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions showed a high heterogeneity. There was high risk of bias in the index test domain. Also, the certainty of the evidence was low or very low for most of the GDS versions. CONCLUSIONS: We found several GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions that showed great heterogeneity in estimates of sensitivity and specificity, mostly with a low or very low certainty of the evidence. Altogether, our results indicate the need for more well-designed studies that compare different GDS versions.Otherhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197527https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.025389910.1371/journal.pone.0253899https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/1490W3175534186enPLoS ONE1932-62032021-07-012026-06-13T13:21:03Z2026-06-13T13:21:03Z |
| spellingShingle | Geriatric Depression Scale Meta-analysis Medicine Depression (economics) PsycINFO MEDLINE Psychiatry Depressive symptoms Internal medicine Anxiety Law Economics Political science Macroeconomics Aged Depression diagnosis Humans Mass Screening methods Mass Screening standards Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Geriatric Assessment methods International Classification of Diseases standards Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Social Sciences Psychology Social Psychology Mental Health Treatment and Access Health Sciences Medicine Psychiatry and Mental health Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Social Sciences Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Aging and Gerontology Research Brañez‐Condorena, Ana Soriano‐Moreno, David R. Navarro‐Flores, Alba Solis-Chimoy, Blanca Diaz-Barrera, Mario E. Taype-Rondan, Alvaro Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title | Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | accuracy of the geriatric depression scale gds 4 and gds 5 for the screening of depression among older adults a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Geriatric Depression Scale Meta-analysis Medicine Depression (economics) PsycINFO MEDLINE Psychiatry Depressive symptoms Internal medicine Anxiety Law Economics Political science Macroeconomics Aged Depression diagnosis Humans Mass Screening methods Mass Screening standards Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Geriatric Assessment methods International Classification of Diseases standards Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Social Sciences Psychology Social Psychology Mental Health Treatment and Access Health Sciences Medicine Psychiatry and Mental health Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Social Sciences Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Aging and Gerontology Research |
| topic_facet | Geriatric Depression Scale Meta-analysis Medicine Depression (economics) PsycINFO MEDLINE Psychiatry Depressive symptoms Internal medicine Anxiety Law Economics Political science Macroeconomics Aged Depression diagnosis Humans Mass Screening methods Mass Screening standards Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Geriatric Assessment methods International Classification of Diseases standards Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Social Sciences Psychology Social Psychology Mental Health Treatment and Access Health Sciences Medicine Psychiatry and Mental health Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Social Sciences Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Aging and Gerontology Research |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197527 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253899 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/1490 |
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