Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context

There is no doubt that leadership is one of the most researched and disseminated topics in recent years, and over time, some distinguished models have developed a solid foundation and a reputable structure. From this perspective, this study analyzes the evidence of validity and reliability of a scal...

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Autores principales: Espejo-Pereda, Javier Enrique, García-Salirrosas, Elizabeth Emperatriz, Villar Guevara, Miluska Maria del Carmen, Fernandez Mallma, Israel Joselito
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Publicado: 2025
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author Espejo-Pereda, Javier Enrique
García-Salirrosas, Elizabeth Emperatriz
Villar Guevara, Miluska Maria del Carmen
Fernandez Mallma, Israel Joselito
author_browse Espejo-Pereda, Javier Enrique
Fernandez Mallma, Israel Joselito
García-Salirrosas, Elizabeth Emperatriz
Villar Guevara, Miluska Maria del Carmen
author_facet Espejo-Pereda, Javier Enrique
García-Salirrosas, Elizabeth Emperatriz
Villar Guevara, Miluska Maria del Carmen
Fernandez Mallma, Israel Joselito
author_sort Espejo-Pereda, Javier Enrique
collection Producción científica
description There is no doubt that leadership is one of the most researched and disseminated topics in recent years, and over time, some distinguished models have developed a solid foundation and a reputable structure. From this perspective, this study analyzes the evidence of validity and reliability of a scale that assesses leadership styles in non-profit institutions. The study had an instrumental design. The sample consisted of 272 workers from nine Latin American countries, aged between 19 and 68 years (M = 34.08 and SD = 8.61), recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. A validity and reliability analysis of the scale confirmed the nine items and three original factors (servant, empowering and shared leadership). The KMO test reached a high level (0.898 > 0.70), and the Bartlett test reached a highly significant level (Sig. = 0.000). The scale also showed good internal consistency (α = 0.918 to 0.956; CR = 0.918 to 0.957; AVE = 0.755 to 0.880). Likewise, for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, a measurement adjustment was performed, obtaining excellent and acceptable fit indices for Model 2 (CMIN/DF = 1.794; CFI = 0.993; SRMR = 0.023; RMSEA = 0.054; Pclose = 0.369). This study provides a brief and useful tool to measure leadership styles in Latin America, as a scale used specifically for this context would allow for a more accurate and valid assessment. This is crucial for generating effective organizational interventions, fostering the development of authentic leaders, and improving the competitiveness of non-profit institutions.
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spelling oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/12262026-10-30T16:15:24ZLeadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American ContextEspejo-Pereda, Javier EnriqueGarcía-Salirrosas, Elizabeth EmperatrizVillar Guevara, Miluska Maria del CarmenFernandez Mallma, Israel JoselitoScaleValidityreliabilityLeadership StylesNon-profitPromoting LeadershipThere is no doubt that leadership is one of the most researched and disseminated topics in recent years, and over time, some distinguished models have developed a solid foundation and a reputable structure. From this perspective, this study analyzes the evidence of validity and reliability of a scale that assesses leadership styles in non-profit institutions. The study had an instrumental design. The sample consisted of 272 workers from nine Latin American countries, aged between 19 and 68 years (M = 34.08 and SD = 8.61), recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. A validity and reliability analysis of the scale confirmed the nine items and three original factors (servant, empowering and shared leadership). The KMO test reached a high level (0.898 > 0.70), and the Bartlett test reached a highly significant level (Sig. = 0.000). The scale also showed good internal consistency (α = 0.918 to 0.956; CR = 0.918 to 0.957; AVE = 0.755 to 0.880). Likewise, for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, a measurement adjustment was performed, obtaining excellent and acceptable fit indices for Model 2 (CMIN/DF = 1.794; CFI = 0.993; SRMR = 0.023; RMSEA = 0.054; Pclose = 0.369). This study provides a brief and useful tool to measure leadership styles in Latin America, as a scale used specifically for this context would allow for a more accurate and valid assessment. This is crucial for generating effective organizational interventions, fostering the development of authentic leaders, and improving the competitiveness of non-profit institutions.Articlehttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40001761https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/2/130/pdf?version=1737879666https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020130PMC1185193010.3390/bs15020130https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/122640001761W4406842789enBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-01-262026-06-13T09:50:38Z2026-06-13T09:50:38Z
spellingShingle Scale
Validity
reliability
Leadership Styles
Non-profit
Promoting Leadership
Espejo-Pereda, Javier Enrique
García-Salirrosas, Elizabeth Emperatriz
Villar Guevara, Miluska Maria del Carmen
Fernandez Mallma, Israel Joselito
Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context
title Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context
title_full Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context
title_fullStr Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context
title_full_unstemmed Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context
title_short Leadership Styles in Non-Profit Institutions: An Empirical Study for the Validation and Reliability of a Scale in the Latin American Context
title_sort leadership styles in non profit institutions an empirical study for the validation and reliability of a scale in the latin american context
topic Scale
Validity
reliability
Leadership Styles
Non-profit
Promoting Leadership
topic_facet Scale
Validity
reliability
Leadership Styles
Non-profit
Promoting Leadership
url https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40001761
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/2/130/pdf?version=1737879666
https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020130
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/1226
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