Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru
Abstract Introduction The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, and its composition can be influenced by factors such as diet, genetics, age, and health status. Among these, diet is one of the most significant determinants of microbial balance. A well-balanced diet...
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
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2025
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| author | Marcos Carbajal, Pool Medina Ramirez, Sebastian Andre Yareta Yareta, José Luis Otiniano Trujillo, Miguel Angel Chambi Quispe, Mario Salomón Ruiz Panaifo, Manuel Diaz Rengifo, Pilar Sias Garay, Cinthia Esther Obregon-Tito, Alexandra Tito, Raul |
| author_browse | Chambi Quispe, Mario Salomón Diaz Rengifo, Pilar Marcos Carbajal, Pool Medina Ramirez, Sebastian Andre Obregon-Tito, Alexandra Otiniano Trujillo, Miguel Angel Ruiz Panaifo, Manuel Sias Garay, Cinthia Esther Tito, Raul Yareta Yareta, José Luis |
| author_facet | Marcos Carbajal, Pool Medina Ramirez, Sebastian Andre Yareta Yareta, José Luis Otiniano Trujillo, Miguel Angel Chambi Quispe, Mario Salomón Ruiz Panaifo, Manuel Diaz Rengifo, Pilar Sias Garay, Cinthia Esther Obregon-Tito, Alexandra Tito, Raul |
| author_sort | Marcos Carbajal, Pool |
| collection | Producción científica |
| description | Abstract Introduction The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, and its composition can be influenced by factors such as diet, genetics, age, and health status. Among these, diet is one of the most significant determinants of microbial balance. A well-balanced diet promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, reducing intestinal inflammation and the risk of chronic diseases. Vegetarian diets have been proposed to confer beneficial effects on gut health; however, many questions remain regarding microbial profiles, their variability, and the potential influence of geographic and cultural factors—particularly within Latin American contexts. This study aims to address this gap by presenting the first characterization of the gut microbiota in vegetarian adults from the Adventist population living in three distinct regions of Peru. Methods Stool samples were used as a proxy to analyze gut microbiota composition through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Standard descriptive analyses were performed to assess bacterial composition, including diversity and relative abundance across samples. Results The gut microbial communities of Peruvian vegetarians revealed three distinct enterotypes, with distribution varying by region. Enterotype 1 (ET1), predominant in coastal and highland regions, exhibited the highest bacterial richness and diversity. Enterotype 2 (ET2), observed in highland and jungle areas, was characterized by higher levels of Prevotella . Enterotype 3 (ET3), more frequent in the jungle region, showed a greater abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium . Conclusions Despite all participants adhering to a vegetarian diet, notable diversity in gut microbiota profiles was observed within this population. While three distinct enterotypes were identified, consistent with findings in other populations, the specific profiles differed from those previously reported. This study highlights the importance of incorporating variables that enable greater resolution in future research, allowing better control of within-population variability, such as that observed in Peruvian vegetarians, and ultimately enhancing the accuracy of microbiome-related conclusions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/1195 |
| institution | UPeU |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:cris.upeu.edu.pe:20.500.15037/11952026-11-02T22:00:04ZGut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of PeruMarcos Carbajal, PoolMedina Ramirez, Sebastian AndreYareta Yareta, José LuisOtiniano Trujillo, Miguel AngelChambi Quispe, Mario SalomónRuiz Panaifo, ManuelDiaz Rengifo, PilarSias Garay, Cinthia EstherObregon-Tito, AlexandraTito, RaulAbstract Introduction The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, and its composition can be influenced by factors such as diet, genetics, age, and health status. Among these, diet is one of the most significant determinants of microbial balance. A well-balanced diet promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, reducing intestinal inflammation and the risk of chronic diseases. Vegetarian diets have been proposed to confer beneficial effects on gut health; however, many questions remain regarding microbial profiles, their variability, and the potential influence of geographic and cultural factors—particularly within Latin American contexts. This study aims to address this gap by presenting the first characterization of the gut microbiota in vegetarian adults from the Adventist population living in three distinct regions of Peru. Methods Stool samples were used as a proxy to analyze gut microbiota composition through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Standard descriptive analyses were performed to assess bacterial composition, including diversity and relative abundance across samples. Results The gut microbial communities of Peruvian vegetarians revealed three distinct enterotypes, with distribution varying by region. Enterotype 1 (ET1), predominant in coastal and highland regions, exhibited the highest bacterial richness and diversity. Enterotype 2 (ET2), observed in highland and jungle areas, was characterized by higher levels of Prevotella . Enterotype 3 (ET3), more frequent in the jungle region, showed a greater abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium . Conclusions Despite all participants adhering to a vegetarian diet, notable diversity in gut microbiota profiles was observed within this population. While three distinct enterotypes were identified, consistent with findings in other populations, the specific profiles differed from those previously reported. This study highlights the importance of incorporating variables that enable greater resolution in future research, allowing better control of within-population variability, such as that observed in Peruvian vegetarians, and ultimately enhancing the accuracy of microbiome-related conclusions.Preprinthttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/11/27/2025.11.26.690875.full.pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.26.69087510.1101/2025.11.26.690875https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/1195W4416766776enbioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)2025-11-272026-06-13T09:49:41Z2026-06-13T09:49:41Z |
| spellingShingle | Marcos Carbajal, Pool Medina Ramirez, Sebastian Andre Yareta Yareta, José Luis Otiniano Trujillo, Miguel Angel Chambi Quispe, Mario Salomón Ruiz Panaifo, Manuel Diaz Rengifo, Pilar Sias Garay, Cinthia Esther Obregon-Tito, Alexandra Tito, Raul Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru |
| title | Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru |
| title_full | Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru |
| title_fullStr | Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru |
| title_short | Gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal, highland, and jungle regions of Peru |
| title_sort | gut microbiota characterization in vegetarian adults from the adventist population living in coastal highland and jungle regions of peru |
| url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/11/27/2025.11.26.690875.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.26.690875 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.15037/1195 |
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