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Short-term association between hot nights and mortality: a multicountry analysis in 178 locations considering hourly ambient temperature por Dominic Royé, Francesco Sera, Aurelio Tobı́as, Masahiro Hashizume, Yasushi Honda, Ho Kim, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Shilu Tong, Éric Lavigne, Jan Kyselý, Mathilde Pascal, Francesca de’Donato, Susana das Neves Pereira da Silva, Joana Madureira, Veronika Huber, Aleš Urban, Joel Schwartz, Michelle L. Bell, Ben Armstrong, Carmen Íñiguez, Rosana Abrutzky, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coêlho, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Patricia Matus Correa, Nicolás Valdés Ortega, Haidong Kan, Samuel Osorio, Antonio Gasparrini, Souzana Achilleos, Hans Orru, Ene Indermitte, Niilo Ryti, Alexandra Schneider, Klea Katsouyanni, Antonis Analitis, Fatemeh Mayvaneh, Alireza Enteyari, Raanan Raz, Paola Michelozzi, Yoonhee Kim, Barrak Alahmad, John Paul Cauchi, Magali Hurtado‐Díaz, Eunice Elizabeth Félix Arellano, Ala Overcenco, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Gabriel Carrasco, Xerxes Seposo, Paul Lester Chua, Iulian‐Horia Holobâcă, Yuming Guo, Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Noah Scovronick, Fiorella Acquaotta, Whanhee Lee, Bertil Forsberg, Martina S. Ragettli, Shanshan Li, Antonella Zanobetti, Valentina Colistro, Trần Ngọc Đăng, Do Van Dung

“…Next, we used a multivariate meta-regression model to pool results and estimated attributable burdens. …”
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Associations of ambient exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene with daily mortality: a multicountry time-series study in 757 global locations por Lu Zhou, Xiong Ying, Francesco Sera, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Rosana Abrutzky, Yuming Guo, Shilu Tong, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coêlho, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Éric Lavigne, Patricia Matus Correa, Nicolás Valdés Ortega, Samuel Osorio, Dominic Royé, Jan Kyselý, Hans Orru, Marek Maasikmets, Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Niilo Ryti, Mathilde Pascal, Veronika Huber, Susanne Breitner-Busch, Alexandra Schneider, Klea Katsouyanni, Evangelia Samoli, Alireza Entezari, Fatemeh Mayvaneh, Patrick Goodman, Ariana Zeka, Raanan Raz, Matteo Scortichini, Massimo Stafoggia, Yasushi Honda, Masahiro Hashizume, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Barrak Alahmad, Magali Hurtado‐Díaz, Eunice Elizabeth Félix Arellano, Ala Overcenco, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Shilpa Rao, Gabriel Carrasco‐Escobar, Xerxes Seposo, Paul Lester Chua, Susana Pereira Silva, Joana Madureira, Iulian‐Horia Holobâcă, Noah Scovronick, Rebecca M. Garland, Ho Kim, Whanhee Lee, Aurelio Tobı́as, Carmen Íñiguez, Bertil Forsberg, Martina S. Ragettli, Yue Leon Guo, Shih‐Chun Pan, Shanshan Li, Pierre Masselot, Valentina Colistro, Michelle L. Bell, Antonella Zanobetti, Joel Schwartz, Trần Ngọc Đăng, Do Van Dung, Antonio Gasparrini, Yaoxian Huang, Haidong Kan

“…Data on individual chemicals (ie, benzene, toluene, xylenes [summation of ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene]) and the aggregate mixture (ie, BTEX) were estimated using a chemistry-climate model.We examined the short-term associations of each individual chemical as well as the BTEX mixture with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in a multicountry framework.Using a two-stage time-series design, we first applied generalised additive models with a quasi-Poisson distribution to obtain location-specific associations, which were subsequently pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.Two-pollutant models were used to assess the independent effects of BTEX after adjusting for co-pollutants (PM 25 , PM 10 , nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide).Additionally, we assessed the overall exposure-response curves with spline terms.Findings An IQR increment of BTEX concentration on lag 0-2 days (3-day moving average of the present day and the previous 2 days) was associated with increases of 057% (95% CI 049-065), 042% (030-054), and 068% (050-086) in total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively.The corresponding effect estimates for an IQR increment in individual chemicals (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) were 038-061%, 044-070%, and 041-065%, respectively.The associations remained significant after adjusting for co-pollutants, with a general decline in magnitude, except for a slight increase after adjustment for ozone.The shape of the exposureresponse curves for all pollutants and causes of death was almost linear, with steeper slopes at low concentrations and no discernible thresholds.Interpretation This global study provides novel evidence linking short-term exposure to ambient BTEX, both individually and as a mixture, with increased daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality.Our findings underscore the need for comprehensive air pollution mitigation policies, including stringent controls on BTEX emissions, to protect public health.…”
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